Ngokuthuthuka komnotho kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinga lokuphila kwabantu, isidingo semikhiqizo yepulasitiki sikhula usuku nosuku, futhi “ukungcoliswa okumhlophe” okulethwa upulasitiki kuya ngokuya kuba kubi kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwamapulasitiki amasha awonakalayo kuba yindlela ebalulekile yokwelapha izinkinga zemvelo.Amapulasitiki e-polymer angakwazi ukwehlisa ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi, futhi ukuwohloka kokushisa kwenzeka ngaphansi kwesenzo sokushisa.Ukuwohloka kwemishini kwenzeka ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla emishini, ukuwohloka kwe-oxidative ngaphansi kwesenzo somoya-mpilo, kanye nokuwohloka kwamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo ngaphansi kwesenzo samakhemikhali amakhemikhali.Amapulasitiki awonakaliswayo abhekisela kumapulasitiki awonakaliswa kalula endaweni yemvelo ngokungeza inani elithile lezithako (njengesitashi, isitashi esishintshiwe noma enye i-cellulose, ama-photosensitizers, ama-biodegraders, njll.) ohlelweni lokukhiqiza.
Ngokohlelo lwazo lokucekela phansi, amapulasitiki abolayo angahlukaniswa abe amapulasitiki abolayo, amapulasitiki abolayo, amapulasitiki abolayo ngezithombe kanye namapulasitiki awonakaliswa ngamakhemikhali.
Lapho amaketanga amangqamuzana epulasitiki ewohlokayo ebhujiswa ngezindlela ze-photochemical, ipulasitiki ilahlekelwa amandla ayo angokomzimba kanye ne-embrittlements, bese idlula emvelweni.
Ukugqwala komngcele kuba yimpushana, engena emhlabathini futhi iphinde ingene emjikelezweni wezinto eziphilayo ngaphansi kwesenzo sama-microorganisms.
Amapulasitiki abolayo angahlukaniswa abe amapulasitiki angaboli ngokuphelele kanye namapulasitiki abolayo ngokuya ngendlela yawo yokuwohloka kanye nemodi yokubhubhisa.Njengamanje, amapulasitiki esitashi namapulasitiki e-polyester yiwona afundwa kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa.
Ipulasitiki yesitashi iyakhanga ikakhulukazi ngenxa yemishini yayo elula yokucubungula kanye nenani eliphansi.Amapulasitiki okwenziwa ama-macromolecule e-biodegradable abhekisela kumapulasitiki angaboli ahlanganiswe ngezindlela zamakhemikhali.Ingahlanganiswa ngokutadisha isakhiwo esifana naleso samapulasitiki emvelo e-polymer biodegradable noma amapulasitiki anamaqembu asebenzayo okonakaliswa okubucayi.
Amapulasitiki awonakaliswa yi-Biodestructive, awaziwa nangokuthi amapulasitiki angagoqeka, awuhlelo oluyinhlanganisela lwamapholymeri abolayo kanye namapulasitiki ajwayelekile, njengesitashi ne-polyolefin.Zihlanganiswe ndawonye ngendlela ethile, futhi ukuwohloka kwendawo yemvelo akuphelele, futhi kungase kubangele ukungcola kwesibili.Kuma-polymers abolayo, ukwengezwa kwama-photosensitizer kungenza ama-polymers aguge futhi aguge.
Izinto ze-polymer Photobiodegradable ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zingenza izinga lokuwohloka lilawulwe ngokuphumelelayo, njengesitashi esingeziwe se-polymer impahla ye-photodegradable PE ngemva kokuwohloka, yenza i-PE ibe yizimbotshana, indawo ethile yendawo yanda kakhulu, nge-oxygen, ukukhanya, amathuba okuxhumana kwamanzi anda kakhulu, izinga lokuwohloka kwe-PE landa kakhulu.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namapulasitiki abolayo, amapulasitiki angaboli abe yindaba eshisayo ekuthuthukisweni kwamapulasitiki abolayo.Ngoba amapulasitiki abolayo awekho kanzima emvelweni, futhi kulula ukucekela phansi ngokuphelele ama-molecule amancane ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele.Inezinzuzo zekhwalithi encane, ukucubungula okulula, amandla aphezulu kanye nenani eliphansi.Amapulasitiki angaboli anezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza.E-United States esetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni izikhwama zikadoti ezibolayo, izikhwama zokuthenga;ENtshonalanga Yurophu, amapulasitiki angaboli asetshenziswa emabhodleleni e-shampoo, izikhwama zikadoti kanye nezikhwama zokuthenga ezisetshenziswa kanye.Amapulasitiki angaboli asetshenziswa kakhulu kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
(1) Izinto zokupakisha
(2) Umboza wezolimo
(3) Izidingo zansuku zonke
(4) Izinto zokwelapha ezilahlwayo
(5) Ithambo lokwenziwa, isikhumba sokwenziwa, uzipho lwethambo lokuhlinzwa, umthungo wokuhlinzwa
(6) Imicu yendwangu
(7) Ukuphatha isihlabathi esiphuzi nokuhlelwa kwedolobha.
Lapho amapulasitiki abolayo asetshenziswa ku-bioengineering nasezintweni ze-polymer ezonakaliswa ngokwezokwelapha, izici zazo zokuwohloka kwemvelo azikwazi ukuqhathaniswa nalezo zamapulasitiki abolayo wezimpande.Izinto ezincishisiwe zamangqamuzana aphansi zingangena ngokuqondile kumetabolism yezinto eziphilayo, futhi zibe namathemba anhlobonhlobo okusetshenziswa kusiko lwezicubu, izidakamizwa ezikhishwayo ezilawulwayo, nezinto zokufakelwa kwangaphakathi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-17-2022